![]() I further swear (or affirm) that I do not advise, advocate or teach, and have not within the period beginning five (5) years prior to the effective date of the ordinance requiring the making of this oath or affirmation, advised, advocated or taught, the overthrow by force, violence or other unlawful means, of the Government of the United States of America or of the State of California and that I am not now and have not, within said period, been or become a member of or affiliated with any group, society, association, organization or party which advises, advocates or teaches, or has, within said period, advised, advocated or taught, the overthrow by force, violence or other unlawful means of the Government of the United States of America, or of the State of California. Typically, a loyalty oath has wording similar to that mentioned in the U.S Supreme Court decision of Garner v. One of the fired faculty members, the physics professor David Saxon, went on with his career and was appointed president of the entire University of California system in 1975, a job he held until 1983. Those who were terminated sued, and by 1952 had been rehired when the university declined to pursue its case against them in court. In August 1950, the regents fired 31 faculty members who refused to sign the oath. Among those who left were the psychologist Erik Erikson and the classical scholar Ludwig Edelstein, both of them Jewish refugees from Nazi, Germany. Several teachers resigned in protest or lost their positions when they refused to sign the loyalty oath. In January 1950, 750 faculty members had approved a resolution to oppose the university's regents and create a committee to coordinate legal action against the university should an oath be required. It was aimed in particular at employees of the University of California. It required state employees to subscribe to a loyalty oath that specifically disavowed radical beliefs. The Levering Act was a law enacted by the U.S. The University of California loyalty oath (1950) On March 21, 1947, concerned with Soviet subversive penetration and infiltration into the United States government by American citizens who held oaths of allegiance to a foreign power during wartime, President Harry S Truman instituted a Loyalty Program by signing Executive Order 9835, also known as the "Loyalty Order." It required loyalty oaths and background investigations on persons deemed suspect of holding party membership in organizations that advocated violent and anti-democratic programs. ![]() government through espionage, outright violence, or speech.Įxecutive Order 9835 "Loyalty Order" (1947) The Red Scare during the 1950s and the Congressional hearings chaired by Senator Joseph McCarthy helped to sustain a national mood of concern about communist agents and a fear such agents may injure the U.S. ![]() Loyalty oaths were common during World War II.Īnother use of loyalty oaths in the United States was during the 1950s and 1960s. I will buy only where the Blue Eagle flies." ![]() In support of Roosevelt's National Recovery Administration, 100,000 school children marched to Boston Common and swore a loyalty oath administered by the mayor, "I promise as a good American citizen to do my part for the NRA. ![]() Page one of Executive Order 9835, signed by Harry S. ![]()
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